Stage 1 of 7, Conception to birth
Pre-birth
Like a house being built: the foundation and walls come before the rooms are furnished.
In about 40 weeks, one cell becomes a baby with a brain, heart, and senses. Most major organs form in the first trimester; the rest grow and mature afterwards.
Common milestones
- Weeks 5–8: heart begins to beat; neural tube (future brain and spine) closes.
- Weeks 12–16: fingers and toes form; baby moves, though parents usually can't feel it yet.
- Weeks 18–22: baby hears sounds, including the mother's voice and heartbeat.
- Weeks 24–28: eyes open; reacts to light and sound; hiccups and sleep cycles appear.
- Weeks 32–40: brain grows rapidly; baby practices sucking, swallowing and breathing.
How parents and carers can help
- Regular antenatal checkups, a balanced diet, and folic acid support healthy development.
- Avoid alcohol, tobacco and unprescribed medicines during pregnancy.
- Talking, singing and reading aloud let the baby recognise your voice after birth.
- Manage stress and get enough sleep; a calm environment supports growth.