Stage 6 of 7, 12–15 years
Early Adolescence
Like a new engine being tuned: the power surges fast, and the controls take time to catch up.
Puberty brings rapid physical, emotional and social change. Identity, independence and self-image are strongly in focus.
Common milestones
- Growth spurts; hormones shift mood and sleep patterns.
- Abstract thinking grows; questions about values, fairness and ethics increase.
- Seeks independence and privacy; may argue more with parents.
- Friendships and romantic interest become significant; peer approval matters.
How parents and carers can help
- Stay connected with calm conversations, even when they pull away.
- Set clear expectations and explain the reasons behind them.
- Watch for signs of stress, low mood or withdrawal and seek help early if needed.
- Model healthy screen use, sleep and exercise yourself.